"do" meaning in Old Irish

See do in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adverb

IPA: /d̪o/
Etymology: From Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de. Unrelated to the prefix to-. Etymology templates: {{etymid|sga|to}}, {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*dū||to}} Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”), {{der|sga|ine-pro|*de}} Proto-Indo-European *de Head templates: {{head|sga|adverb|altform=1}} do
  1. alternative spelling of dó Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of:
    Sense id: en-do-sga-adv-N9270p9z Categories (other): Old Irish dative prepositions, Old Irish prepositions Disambiguation of Old Irish dative prepositions: 20 8 21 18 21 12 Disambiguation of Old Irish prepositions: 20 8 21 18 21 12
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Determiner

IPA: /d̪o/ Forms: du [alternative], tho [alternative], to [alternative], t’ [alternative, before-vowel], th’ [alternative, before-vowel]
Etymology: From Proto-Celtic *towe. Etymology templates: {{etymid|sga|your}}, {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*towe}} Proto-Celtic *towe Head templates: {{head|sga|determiner|triggers lenition|cat2=possessive determiners}} do (triggers lenition)
  1. your (singular) Tags: triggers-lenition
    Sense id: en-do-sga-det-4ge1y-jL
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Preposition

IPA: /d̪o/
Etymology: From Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de. Unrelated to the prefix to-. Etymology templates: {{etymid|sga|to}}, {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*dū||to}} Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”), {{der|sga|ine-pro|*de}} Proto-Indo-European *de Head templates: {{head|sga|prepositions|with dative; triggers lenition of a following consonant-initial noun|cat2=dative prepositions}} do (with dative; triggers lenition of a following consonant-initial noun) Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], dom [first-person, singular], dam [first-person, singular], domsa [emphatic, first-person, singular], damsa [emphatic, first-person, singular], duit [second-person, singular], dait [second-person, singular], dit [second-person, singular], deit [second-person, singular], duitsiu [emphatic, second-person, singular], detsiu [emphatic, second-person, singular], deitsiu [emphatic, second-person, singular], duitso [emphatic, second-person, singular], détso [emphatic, second-person, singular], [dative, error-unrecognized-form, singular], dóu [dative, error-unrecognized-form, singular], dáu [dative, error-unrecognized-form, singular], dosom [dative, emphatic, error-unrecognized-form, singular], dossom [dative, emphatic, error-unrecognized-form, singular], [dative, error-unrecognized-form, singular], disi [dative, emphatic, error-unrecognized-form, singular], dissi [dative, emphatic, error-unrecognized-form, singular], dún [first-person, plural], dúnn [first-person, plural], duún [first-person, plural], dúun [first-person, plural], dúin [first-person, plural], dúnni [emphatic, first-person, plural], dúnnai [emphatic, first-person, plural], dúib [plural, second-person], dúibsi [emphatic, plural, second-person], doib [dative, plural, third-person], doaib [dative, plural, third-person], duaib [dative, plural, third-person], dóib [dative, plural, third-person], doïbsom [dative, emphatic, plural, third-person], doaibsem [dative, emphatic, plural, third-person], dóibsem [dative, emphatic, plural, third-person], du [alternative]
  1. to, for Tags: triggers-lenition, with-dative
    Sense id: en-do-sga-prep-PplaPYHY
  2. indicates the subject of a verbal noun Tags: triggers-lenition, with-dative
    Sense id: en-do-sga-prep-iyVa72tt Categories (other): Old Irish dative prepositions, Old Irish prepositions Disambiguation of Old Irish dative prepositions: 20 8 21 18 21 12 Disambiguation of Old Irish prepositions: 20 8 21 18 21 12
  3. connects a verbal noun with a preceding subject or object Tags: triggers-lenition, with-dative
    Sense id: en-do-sga-prep-Xe4ynSpM Categories (other): Old Irish dative prepositions, Old Irish prepositions Disambiguation of Old Irish dative prepositions: 20 8 21 18 21 12 Disambiguation of Old Irish prepositions: 20 8 21 18 21 12
  4. indicates the subject of a copular sentence with an adverbial phrase as predicate Tags: triggers-lenition, with-dative
    Sense id: en-do-sga-prep-2ekFkPo~ Categories (other): Old Irish dative prepositions, Old Irish determiners, Old Irish entries with incorrect language header, Old Irish possessive determiners, Old Irish prepositions Disambiguation of Old Irish dative prepositions: 20 8 21 18 21 12 Disambiguation of Old Irish determiners: 8 0 0 28 6 49 8 Disambiguation of Old Irish entries with incorrect language header: 9 0 0 27 8 48 9 Disambiguation of Old Irish possessive determiners: 9 0 0 28 6 49 9 Disambiguation of Old Irish prepositions: 20 8 21 18 21 12
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Pronoun

IPA: /d̪o/
Etymology: From Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de. Unrelated to the prefix to-. Etymology templates: {{etymid|sga|to}}, {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*dū||to}} Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”), {{der|sga|ine-pro|*de}} Proto-Indo-European *de Head templates: {{head|sga|prepositional pronoun|altform=1}} do
  1. alternative spelling of dó Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of:
    Sense id: en-do-sga-pron-N9270p9z Categories (other): Old Irish dative prepositions, Old Irish prepositions Disambiguation of Old Irish dative prepositions: 20 8 21 18 21 12 Disambiguation of Old Irish prepositions: 20 8 21 18 21 12
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "to"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*dū",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*de"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *de",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de. Unrelated to the prefix to-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "g",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dam",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "domsa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "damsa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dait",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duitsiu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "detsiu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deitsiu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duitso",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "détso",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dó",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dóu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dáu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dosom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "emphatic",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dossom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "emphatic",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dí",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "disi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "emphatic",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dissi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "emphatic",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dún",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dúnn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duún",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dúun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dúin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dúnni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dúnnai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dúib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dúibsi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dóib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doïbsom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "emphatic",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doaibsem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "emphatic",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dóibsem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "emphatic",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "du",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "prepositions",
        "3": "with dative; triggers lenition of a following consonant-initial noun",
        "cat2": "dative prepositions"
      },
      "expansion": "do (with dative; triggers lenition of a following consonant-initial noun)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to, for"
      ],
      "id": "en-do-sga-prep-PplaPYHY",
      "links": [
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ],
        [
          "for",
          "for"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-lenition",
        "with-dative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 8 21 18 21 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish dative prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 8 21 18 21 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "indicates the subject of a verbal noun"
      ],
      "id": "en-do-sga-prep-iyVa72tt",
      "links": [
        [
          "D. A. Binchy",
          "w:D. A. Binchy"
        ],
        [
          "Osborn Bergin",
          "w:Osborn Bergin"
        ],
        [
          "Handbuch des Alt-Irischen",
          "s:mul:Handbuch des Alt-Irischen"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-lenition",
        "with-dative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 8 21 18 21 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish dative prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 8 21 18 21 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "connects a verbal noun with a preceding subject or object"
      ],
      "id": "en-do-sga-prep-Xe4ynSpM",
      "links": [
        [
          "D. A. Binchy",
          "w:D. A. Binchy"
        ],
        [
          "Osborn Bergin",
          "w:Osborn Bergin"
        ],
        [
          "Handbuch des Alt-Irischen",
          "s:mul:Handbuch des Alt-Irischen"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-lenition",
        "with-dative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 8 21 18 21 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish dative prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 0 0 28 6 49 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish determiners",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 0 0 27 8 48 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 0 0 28 6 49 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish possessive determiners",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 8 21 18 21 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "indicates the subject of a copular sentence with an adverbial phrase as predicate"
      ],
      "id": "en-do-sga-prep-2ekFkPo~",
      "links": [
        [
          "D. A. Binchy",
          "w:D. A. Binchy"
        ],
        [
          "Osborn Bergin",
          "w:Osborn Bergin"
        ],
        [
          "Handbuch des Alt-Irischen",
          "s:mul:Handbuch des Alt-Irischen"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-lenition",
        "with-dative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪o/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "do"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "to"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*dū",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*de"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *de",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de. Unrelated to the prefix to-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "prepositional pronoun",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "do",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "dó"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 8 21 18 21 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish dative prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 8 21 18 21 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative spelling of dó"
      ],
      "id": "en-do-sga-pron-N9270p9z",
      "links": [
        [
          "dó",
          "dó#Old_Irish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪o/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "do"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "to"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*dū",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*de"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *de",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de. Unrelated to the prefix to-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "adverb",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "do",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "dó"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 8 21 18 21 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish dative prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 8 21 18 21 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative spelling of dó"
      ],
      "id": "en-do-sga-adv-N9270p9z",
      "links": [
        [
          "dó",
          "dó#Old_Irish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪o/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "do"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Irish",
          "lang_code": "ga",
          "word": "do"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "lang_code": "gd",
          "word": "do"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Manx",
          "lang_code": "gv",
          "word": "dty"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Irish",
      "lang_code": "mga",
      "word": "do"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "your"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*towe"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *towe",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *towe.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "du",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tho",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "t’",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "before-vowel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "th’",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "before-vowel"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "determiner",
        "3": "triggers lenition",
        "cat2": "possessive determiners"
      },
      "expansion": "do (triggers lenition)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "det",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "your (singular)"
      ],
      "id": "en-do-sga-det-4ge1y-jL",
      "links": [
        [
          "your",
          "your"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-lenition"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪o/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "do"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish alternative forms",
    "Old Irish dative prepositions",
    "Old Irish determiners",
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish possessive determiners",
    "Old Irish prepositions",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 69 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "to"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*dū",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*de"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *de",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de. Unrelated to the prefix to-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "g",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dam",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "domsa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "damsa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dait",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duitsiu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "detsiu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deitsiu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duitso",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "détso",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dó",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dóu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dáu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dosom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "emphatic",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dossom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "emphatic",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dí",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "disi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "emphatic",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dissi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "emphatic",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dún",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dúnn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duún",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dúun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dúin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dúnni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dúnnai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dúib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dúibsi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "duaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dóib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doïbsom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "emphatic",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doaibsem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "emphatic",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dóibsem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "emphatic",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "du",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "prepositions",
        "3": "with dative; triggers lenition of a following consonant-initial noun",
        "cat2": "dative prepositions"
      },
      "expansion": "do (with dative; triggers lenition of a following consonant-initial noun)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to, for"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ],
        [
          "for",
          "for"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-lenition",
        "with-dative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "indicates the subject of a verbal noun"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "D. A. Binchy",
          "w:D. A. Binchy"
        ],
        [
          "Osborn Bergin",
          "w:Osborn Bergin"
        ],
        [
          "Handbuch des Alt-Irischen",
          "s:mul:Handbuch des Alt-Irischen"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-lenition",
        "with-dative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "connects a verbal noun with a preceding subject or object"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "D. A. Binchy",
          "w:D. A. Binchy"
        ],
        [
          "Osborn Bergin",
          "w:Osborn Bergin"
        ],
        [
          "Handbuch des Alt-Irischen",
          "s:mul:Handbuch des Alt-Irischen"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-lenition",
        "with-dative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "indicates the subject of a copular sentence with an adverbial phrase as predicate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "D. A. Binchy",
          "w:D. A. Binchy"
        ],
        [
          "Osborn Bergin",
          "w:Osborn Bergin"
        ],
        [
          "Handbuch des Alt-Irischen",
          "s:mul:Handbuch des Alt-Irischen"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-lenition",
        "with-dative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪o/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "do"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish alternative forms",
    "Old Irish dative prepositions",
    "Old Irish determiners",
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish possessive determiners",
    "Old Irish prepositions",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 69 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "to"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*dū",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*de"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *de",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de. Unrelated to the prefix to-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "prepositional pronoun",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "do",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "dó"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative spelling of dó"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dó",
          "dó#Old_Irish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪o/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "do"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish alternative forms",
    "Old Irish dative prepositions",
    "Old Irish determiners",
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish possessive determiners",
    "Old Irish prepositions",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 69 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "to"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*dū",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*de"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *de",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de. Unrelated to the prefix to-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "adverb",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "do",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "dó"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative spelling of dó"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dó",
          "dó#Old_Irish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪o/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "do"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish determiners",
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish possessive determiners",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 69 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Irish",
          "lang_code": "ga",
          "word": "do"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "lang_code": "gd",
          "word": "do"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Manx",
          "lang_code": "gv",
          "word": "dty"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Irish",
      "lang_code": "mga",
      "word": "do"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "your"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*towe"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *towe",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *towe.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "du",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tho",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "t’",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "before-vowel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "th’",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "before-vowel"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "determiner",
        "3": "triggers lenition",
        "cat2": "possessive determiners"
      },
      "expansion": "do (triggers lenition)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "det",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "your (singular)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "your",
          "your"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "triggers-lenition"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪o/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "do"
}

Download raw JSONL data for do meaning in Old Irish (9.8kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Person:'",
  "path": [
    "do"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "do",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'third m or n'",
  "path": [
    "do"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "do",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'third m or n'",
  "path": [
    "do"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "do",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'third f'",
  "path": [
    "do"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "do",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'third f'",
  "path": [
    "do"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "do",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "page/1896",
  "msg": "Template nesting error: template_nesting = 3 couldn't split inflection templates, do/Old Irish section inflection",
  "path": [
    "do"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "do",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.